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 From : Sergey Lentsov                       2:4615/71.10   15 Feb 2001  18:24:13
 To : All
 Subject : URL: http://lwn.net/2001/0215/kernel.php3
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    See also: [13]last week's Kernel page.
    
 Kernel development
 
    The current kernel release is still 2.4.1. Linus's 2.4.2 prepatch is
    up to [14]2.4.2pre3; there is, as he put it, "nothing too radical"
    there. 2.4.2pre2 had been a bit more radical, however, with the
    addition of support for an entirely new architecture: [15]a port to
    the Axis ETRAX 100LX embedded network CPU. Alan Cox, meanwhile, is up
    to [16]2.4.1ac13; this patch contains much more stuff.
    
    On the 2.2 front, work toward the 2.2.19 release continues with
    [17]2.2.19pre12. There has been no word on when the stable release
    might happen.
    
    Zero-copy networking encounters the powder rule. David Miller has
    released [18]yet another version of his zero-copy networking patch. He
    claims to be happy with this one: there are "no known bugs" at this
    point. There does remain, however, a performance penalty for normal
    network writes that do not use the zero-copy mechanism; that is
    something they plan to work on in the future.
    
    For the moment, however, David has invoked the "powder rule": six feet
    (just under 2m for you non-US folks) of new snow at Lake Tahoe means
    that not much work is going to get done for a while. All is not lost,
    however; David will be taking his laptop and working on the code when
    the lifts are not running...
    
    Cool tool: User-mode Linux. A useful tool which has been around for a
    while now, but which, perhaps, has not received the attention it
    should is [19]User-mode Linux. This package, which goes by the acronym
    UML (despite the possibility of [20][UML logo] confusion with the
    Unified Modeling Language known to object-oriented designers), should
    be in the toolkit of just about anybody who likes to play with kernels
    or with the Linux system in general.
    
    UML, technically, is a port of the Linux kernel to a new architecture.
    Most ports move the kernel to a new processor; the UML port, instead,
    uses the Linux system call interface as its "instruction set." Thus,
    the UML kernel will run underneath an existing Linux kernel. It runs
    as a set of user processes, and pops up one or more xterm windows as
    its virtual consoles. Its "disk drives" map to files on the
    filesystem.
    
    Why is this interesting? Consider some of the things that can be done
    with User-mode Linux:
      * It is a beautiful environment for many kinds of kernel hacking. A
        UML kernel that crashes can not corrupt a real system, so recovery
        is quick. Even better, though, is the fact that every process
        running on the UML kernel is, in fact a process on the host
        system. Thus, those looking to debug weird problems need only
        point their favorite interactive debugger at the right process.
        For many problems, the need for lots of printk() calls or for kdb
        and its low-level interface is past.
      * Experimenting with new distributions. The system running under the
        UML kernel need not run the same distribution as the host system.
        In fact, the UML distribution provides root disk images for
        several distributions. It's a trivial task to boot up a new
        distribution and see what it looks like without needing to
        actually go through an installation or risk what you currently
        have installed.
      * Trying out other software. If you're not sure what a program might
        do to your system, you can install it on a UML system and find
        out. Even the nastiest of malware will be hard put to escape from
        the UML jail.
      * Playing with network services. UML includes a virtual network
        interface which can be connected to other running UML kernels,
        thus allowing the creation of a virtual network on a single host.
        Want to play with networking code on an unattached laptop in a ski
        lodge? With UML, you can.
        
    UML in its current form still has some limitations. It can not, for
    example, simulate a multiprocessor system - a feature that would be
    nice for many developers. There is also no way, currently, to give a
    UML kernel controlled access to a real device on the host system,
    meaning that UML is still not all that useful for developing device
    drivers. UML developer Jeff Dike tells us that both of these
    capabilities are on the wishlist, with SMP simulation being at the
    top.
    
    Currently, UML exists as a separate patch to the Linux kernel. The
    word is that both Linus and Alan Cox would like to see it added to the
    mainline kernel tree, however. Mr. Dike hopes to see it go into 2.4
    before the next development series starts. As a separate
    "architecture," UML should be relatively to add, even to a stable
    kernel series, without creating problems.
    
    IBM open-sources Mwave modem driver. The [21]IBM Mwave ACP modem page
    shows that, as of today, the driver for these "WinModems" is now
    available under the GPL. This modem is used in IBM ThinkPad 600E
    systems. It's taken a long time, but WinModems are increasingly
    supported devices on Linux. (Thanks to Thomas Hood).
    
    Other patches and updates released this week include:
    
      * IBM has released [22]drop 25 release 0.1.5 of the Journaled File
        System (JFS) for Linux.
      * Stephen Tweedie has released [23]ext3-0.0.6a, the latest version
        of his journaling extension to the ext2 filesystem.
      * Mikael Pettersson has released [24]version 1.9 of his x86
        performance monitoring counters driver.
      * Jeff Merkey's Dolphin Scalable Coherent Interface driver is up to
        [25]version v1.2-2.
      * [26]A new version of VA-CTCS (the VA Cerberus Test Control System)
        is out. CTCS is a framework for building and running hardware
        tests.
      * David L. Nicol has posted [27]a review of Understanding the Linux
        Kernel by Daniel P. Bovet and Marco Cesati.
      * [28]Logical Volume Manager 0.9.1 beta 4 has been released by Heinz
        Mauelshagen.
      * Matt D. Robinson has posted [29]an updated version of the Linux
        kernel crash dump analyzer.
      * [30]Net-tools 1.58 was released by Philip Blundell.
      * George Anzinger has [31]announced a new mailing list to discuss
        the addition of high-resolution timers to the Linux kernel.
      * A new hotplug-scripts release was [32]announced by Greg KH.
      * David Brownell has [33]released jusb 0.4.4. jusb is a
        Java-oriented, user-mode API providing access to the USB bus.
        
    Section Editor: [34]Jonathan Corbet
    February 15, 2001
    
    For other kernel news, see:
      * [35]Kernelnotes
      * [36]Kernel traffic
      * [37]Kernel Newsflash
      * [38]Kernel Trap
    
    Other resources:
      * [39]Kernel Source Reference
      * [40]L-K mailing list FAQ
      * [41]Linux-MM
      * [42]Linux Scalability Project
    
    
    
                                                   [43]Next: Distributions
    
    [44]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [45]Eklektix, Inc.,
    all rights reserved
    Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
 
 References
 
    1. http://lwn.net/
    2. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/pageid=001-012-132-000-000-003-000-000-012
    3. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/
    4. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/security.php3
    5. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/dists.php3
    6. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/devel.php3
    7. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/commerce.php3
    8. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/press.php3
    9. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/announce.php3
   10. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/history.php3
   11. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/letters.php3
   12. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/bigpage.php3
   13. http://lwn.net/2001/0208/kernel.php3
   14. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/2.4.2pre3.php3
   15. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/cris-readme.php3
   16. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/2.4.1ac13.php3
   17. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/2.2.19pre12.php3
   18. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/zerocopy.php3
   19. http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/
   20. http://user-mode-linux.sourceforge.net/
   21. http://oss.software.ibm.com/developer/opensource/linux/projects/mwave/
   22. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/jfs.php3
   23. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/ext3.php3
   24. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/pmcd.php3
   25. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/pci-sci.php3
   26. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/va-ctcs.php3
   27. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/kb-review.php3
   28. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/lvm.php3
   29. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/lkcd.php3
   30. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/net-tools.php3
   31. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/hr-timers.php3
   32. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/hotplug-scripts.php3
   33. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/a/jusb.php3
   34. mailto:lwn@lwn.net
   35. http://www.kernelnotes.org/
   36. http://kt.zork.net/
   37. http://www.atnf.csiro.au/~rgooch/linux/docs/kernel-newsflash.html
   38. http://www.kerneltrap.com/
   39. http://lksr.org/
   40. http://www.tux.org/lkml/
   41. http://www.linux.eu.org/Linux-MM/
   42. http://www.citi.umich.edu/projects/linux-scalability/
   43. http://lwn.net/2001/0215/dists.php3
   44. http://www.eklektix.com/
   45. http://www.eklektix.com/
 
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