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 From : Sergey Lentsov                       2:4615/71.10   12 Apr 2001  17:11:54
 To : All
 Subject : URL: http://lwn.net/2001/0412/history.php3
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    See also: [14]last week's Linux History page.
    
 This week in Linux history
 
    Three years ago ([15]April 16, 1998 LWN): The U.S. Postal Service
    announced that it was using Linux.
    
    Eric S. Raymond released [16]Homesteading the Noosphere
    
    Salon's Andrew Leonard [17]interviewed Eric Raymond.
    
      The first time I met Eric Raymond, the co-author of "The New
      Hacker's Dictionary," he flamed me hairless after I sent him e-mail
      seeking clarification of a point of research for a project I was
      working on.
      
    LWN started its [18]Daily Updates page.
    
    Apache was named Network Magazine's web server product of the year.
    
    Slashdot [19]carried an editorial by Peter de Vries on why he believes
    that Microsoft will decline in the future.
    
      The very fact that so much attention has been given to Department
      of Justice's probe into Microsoft should be an indication that the
      corporate world is waking up to the state of the computer industry.
      Why do I single out corporate interests in particular? Because most
      major transitions in computing technology have been foreshadowed in
      the corporate marketplace long before "six pack joe" realized what
      the next "wave" was going to be. The purchasing decisions made by
      corporations help form the personal preferences of their employees.
      These decisions also effect what products are taught (and therefore
      promoted) in educational environments.
      
    The current development kernel version was 2.1.96 which was mostly
    bug-fix release, with a new aic7xxx SCSI driver.
    
    Miguel de Icaza sent us a [20]GNOME status report. GNOME was coming
    along quickly.
    
    Guido van Rossum [21]announced the release of Python 1.5.1
    
    Steve Savitzky [22]introduced the first song written under the FGPL
    (Filk General Public License).
    
    Those Looking for GPL'd or otherwise public software for CAD didn't
    have many options. The [23]gEDA, the GNU Electronic Design Automation
    project was in version 0.0.1 then. It has come a long way since then.
    
    The [24]Freely redistributable software in business page, an
    Australian-based collection of resources for businesses was listed as
    a "Link of the Week". This is still a good resource though it hasn't
    been updated for almost a year.
    
    Two years ago ([25]April 15, 1999 LWN): Mindcraft [26]published a
    Microsoft-funded study which was hotly debated by pretty much everyone
    except Microsoft. They found:
    
      Microsoft Windows NT Server 4.0 is 2.5 times faster than Linux as a
      File Server and 3.7 times faster as a Web Server.
      
    Later they admitted:
    
      Mindcraft made some Linux configuration and tuning mistakes in this
      benchmark. However, the original results and the Open Benchmark
      results are close.
      
    The Capital Research Center came out against free software and
    [27]issued this rather lengthy report. While the real target was Ralph
    Nader they went after free software as one of his causes.
    
      The letter is evidence of Nader's commitment to "free software," a
      radical concept that will remove most software from the store
      shelves if the concept succeeds. The thinking goes that software
      developers will voluntarily create and improve software products.
      The "source code" or basic recipe for each program will be released
      the general public, essentially draining all economic value from
      the product itself.
      
      ...
      
      But what happens when the OSS method of production is applied to
      thousands of software applications with millions of users requiring
      product support and attention to their particular needs? How do
      consumers identify the products they need when software is
      constantly evolving and there are no standard products that enable
      users to share compatible information? The 'free' nature of OSS
      quickly collapses into chaos.
      
    The Linux FreeS/WAN project [28]issued a press release covering
    [29]FreeS/WAN version 1.0. FreeS/WAN is now in version 1.9.
    
    Break-ins based on ftp were on the rise. Anonymous ftp users were
    advised to use the latest version available, and to check
    configurations carefully. In particular users were advised to add "no
    dirs" to the upload line of their ftpaccess file.
    
    An NFSv3 client implementation for Linux was [30]released by Trond
    Myklebust. This release moved Linux into current NFS technology. The
    initial release was, of course, for the adventurous only.
    
    IBM Thinkpad users received another resource, the [31]IBM Thinkpad
    page.
    
    Some updates to UltraPenguin (a version of Red Hat for UltraSparc
    systems) were [32]announced.
    
    A Python-based 3D role playing game engine, the [33]PyRPG project,
    announced their 0.0.1 release.
    
    The first full release of Fnorb, version 1.0 had just been
    [34]announced. [35]Fnorb is a Python-based CORBA ORB.
    
    Chris Nelson wrote [36]Mozilla's Open Source Success.
    
      Mozilla *was* a first in the industry, and it is wrong to judge it
      by the success of previous Open Source efforts.
      
    This [37]article on WebMonkey is also about Mozilla's successes and
    about the Gecko browser, too.
    
      As we arrived at the recent Mozilla party in San Francisco,
      ostensibly to celebrate the one-year anniversary of Netscape's open
      source project, we felt a bit hesitant: Would this be a birthday
      party ... or a funeral? After all, new owner AOL had laid off 400
      of its recently acquired Netscape employees the previous day. And
      then, just hours before the party, word spread that the party's
      host, Mozilla evangelist Jamie Zawinski, had resigned. We worried
      that we'd spend the night crying into our smart drinks.
      
      Silly us. The Sound Factory was packed to overflowing by 10 p.m.,
      and Mozilla fans danced and networked until security eased everyone
      out the door at well past 2 a.m. Even Zawinski was smiling. And
      much of the talk (when we could hear one another) revolved around
      Web developers' high hopes for Gecko, the all-new layout engine
      being previewed on Netscape's Web site.
      
    Here is an [38]open letter to Microsoft from Eric Raymond, Larry
    Augustin, Russell Nelson, L. Peter Deutsch, Larry Wall, and Guido Van
    Rossum, regarding the murmurings that they might open up some of the
    Windows source. Although the letter was titled "from the Open Source
    Community", other members of the community objected and the
    signatories of the letter did not intend to represent anybody but
    themselves.
    
      We'd like to remind Microsoft that (as Jamie Zawinski put it
      recently in his Mozilla resignation announcement) open source is
      not magic pixie dust. Code that's badly designed or non-functional
      won't instantly improve simply by being open-sourced.
      
    John Dvorak asked [39]What's Going On at Microsoft? in this ZDNet
    article. He suggested that Microsoft should "embrace and extend
    Linux."
    
      Nobody writing in the popular press wants to predict the emergence
      of a gentrified Linux as the next major change on the desktop
      environment or in the Fortune 500. Well, I'm doing so now. The way
      I see it, Linux's code base is under much tighter control than
      Windows'. I've talked to too many ex-Microsoft folk who all tell me
      that nobody has a handle on Windows' code. It's completely out of
      control--a hodgepodge of objects and subsystems nobody fully
      understands. Though this may or may not be true, things are
      different with Linux.
      
    Sub-$500 Linux computers were available from [40]TheLinuxStore. It
    even looked like a reasonably configured system, lacking only the
    monitor to be truly usable. You won't find those anymore.
    TheLinuxStore was new then, and its opening was [41]covered by
    News.com.
    
      Responding to criticisms that the Linux interface isn't yet easy
      enough to use, [chief information officer John] Wise said, "I don't
      think people have taken a look at the KDE interface," which is
      stable, easy to use, and looks like Windows.
      
      In addition, the Gnome user interface is looking increasingly
      promising, he said.
      
    Meanwhile at the other end of the scale, Penguin Computing announced
    an eight-processor Linux server system.
    
    Eric Raymond told us he was spending his vacation putting out a new
    version of the [42]Jargon File. As he put it:
    
      A browse through the Jargon File is like a voyage of rediscovery.
      These are the Linux culture's roots.
      
    One year ago ([43]April 13, 2000 LWN): LWN lead this edition with an
    editorial about "the subversive power of free software". The Uniform
    Computer Information Transactions Act (UTICA) had just passed in the
    state of Maryland. There were ongoing issues with the DVD and "cphack"
    affairs. The [44]Freenet project and the [45]Gnutella project were
    both looking like they might allow 21st century subversives to build
    an infrastructure that would help keep future cats out of the bag.
    Upside [46]talked with FSF's lawyer Eben Moglen about the "Popular
    revolt for freeware".
    
      While such legal activity might seem tangentially related to the
      world of Gnu/Linux operating systems, for a growing number of
      concerned observers, Moglen included, the recent spate of legal
      challenges represent yet another curious piece in an
      as-yet-unassembled puzzle.
      
      ---
      
      "We -- the free software community -- are sitting in the very
      intersection these corporations need to come through, barreling
      toward this splendid paradise they've envisioned of a seamless
      Internet where purchased content is delivered in a secure pipeline
      directly from producer to user," Moglen says.
      
    [47]Linuxcare delayed [and later canceled] its IPO.
    
    SecurityFocus.com had just set up a [48]Linux focus area with
    information of interest to Linux users.
    
    Intel Corporation announced it would release the code for its Common
    Data Security Architecture (CDSA) software.
    
    The 2.3.99-pre5 development kernel had just been released, fixing a
    "brown paper bag" problem in the filesystem code of 2.3.99-pre4, which
    caused it to crash on boot.
    
    Wichert Akkerman [49]released doc-central, a system for browsing
    Debian's documentation with a web browser
    .
    
    MontaVista Software ported Hard Hat Linux IBM's PowerPC 405GP
    processor. MontaVista was also working with Applied Data Systems to
    port Hard Hat Linux to the Intel StrongARM SA-1110 platform.
    
    The [50]Linux Documentation Project had just reworked its website and
    was going strong.
    
    [51]Garbage collection was added to Python.
    
    IDC declared Linux to be red hot in the server market. Server
    shipments grew 166% between the fourth quarters of 1998 and 1999.
    
      In a recent IDC survey of 200 Linux users ... the majority of
      participants estimated that their Linux servers offered at least 4
      9s in availability, which translates to less than one hour of
      unexpected downtime per year.
      
    BigStorage Inc. announced its sponsorship in the [52]ReiserFS
    filesystem project.
    
    Dallas Semiconductor announced a Linux powered voting booth which used
    Dallas Internet components. Using iButtons and computer chips in
    stainless steel cans this voting booth provided registered, private
    ballots, and a Tiny InterNet Interface (TINI) relayed real-time voting
    results over a live network. They could have used a few of these in
    Florida during the last presidential election.
    
      Further demonstrating the flexibility of the iButton/TINI
      technology, the "central server" in this election is nothing more
      than a laptop running Linux.
      
    The first Colorado Linux Info Quest (CLIQ) was the subject of a Linux
    Advocate column by Scott Dowdle.
    
      First off, I love Larry [McVoy]. He is cool. He is funny. He is
      blunt. He is honest. Did I mention he is funny? Ok, anyway... Mr.
      McVoy gave a speech (like the PHP guy) on what you would think
      would be a very dry topic... how to scale Linux to the Enterprise.
      Larry reminds me of Norm McDonald. Do you know who Norm McDonald
      is? If not, he was the 'Fake News Guy' on Saturday Night Live for a
      couple of years before he got fired and got his own sitcom.
      
    News.com [53]looked at the life-after-death of gnutella and other open
    source Napster clones.
    
      Whatever the outcome of the Napster lawsuit, the open-source
      Gnutella movement may well prove to be the more dangerous branch of
      the file-swapping technology trend. Because Napster runs through
      only a few central servers, it is an easy target for lawyers
      seeking to shut down the service or for those looking for
      individuals swapping files through the Napster software. Gnutella
      has no central location. It's modeled after the way the Internet
      itself is connected:
      
    April 12, 2001
    
    
    
                                                         [54]Next: Letters
    
    [55]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [56]Eklektix, Inc.,
    all rights reserved
    Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
 
 References
 
    1. http://lwn.net/
    2. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/pageid=pageid=132-000-001-001
    3. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/
    4. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/security.php3
    5. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/kernel.php3
    6. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/dists.php3
    7. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/desktop.php3
    8. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/devel.php3
    9. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/commerce.php3
   10. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/press.php3
   11. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/announce.php3
   12. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/letters.php3
   13. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/bigpage.php3
   14. http://lwn.net/2001/0405/history.php3
   15. http://lwn.net/1998/0416/
   16. http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/writings/homesteading/
   17. http://www.salon.com/21st/feature/1998/04/cov_14feature.html
   18. http://lwn.net/daily/
   19. http://slashdot.org/articles/older/98413124719.shtml
   20. http://lwn.net/1998/0416/a/gnome.html
   21. http://lwn.net/1998/0416/python.html
   22. http://lwn.net/1998/0416/filk.html
   23. http://www.geda.seul.org/
   24. http://www.cyber.com.au/misc/frsbiz/
   25. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/
   26. http://www.mindcraft.com/whitepapers/nts4rhlinux.html
   27. http://www.capitalresearch.org/trends/ot-0499a.html
   28. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/a/linux-ipsec.html
   29. http://www.xs4all.nl/~freeswan/
   30. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/a/nfsv3.html
   31. http://www.bm-soft.com/~bm/tp770x.html
   32. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/a/ultrapenguin.html
   33. http://www.onthenet.com.au/~briblack/pyrpg/
   34. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/a/fnorb.html
   35. http://www.fnorb.org/
   36. http://www.mozillazine.org/articles/article485.html
   37. http://hotwired.lycos.com/webmonkey/99/16/index1a.html
   38. http://lwn.net/1999/0415/a/ms-response.html
   39. http://www.zdnet.com/pcmag/insites/dvorak_print/jd990406.htm
   40. http://www.thelinuxstore.com/perl-bin/index.pl
   41. http://news.cnet.com/news/0,10000,0-1003-200-340883,00.html
   42. http://www.tuxedo.org/~esr/jargon/
   43. http://lwn.net/2000/0413/
   44. http://freenet.sourceforge.net/
   45. http://gnutella.wego.com/
   46. http://www.upside.com/Ebiz/38ee25eb0.html
   47. http://www.linuxcare.com/
   48. http://www.securityfocus.com/frames/?focus=linux
   49. http://lwn.net/2000/0413/a/doc-central.html
   50. http://www.linuxdoc.org/
   51. http://lwn.net/2000/0413/a/python-refcount.html
   52. http://www.namesys.com/
   53. http://news.cnet.com/news/0-1005-200-1676249.html
   54. http://lwn.net/2001/0412/letters.php3
   55. http://www.eklektix.com/
   56. http://www.eklektix.com/
 
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