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 From : Sergey Lentsov                       2:4615/71.10   27 Sep 2001  17:29:42
 To : All
 Subject : URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/0927/history.php3
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    See also: [14]last week's Linux History page.
    
 This week in Linux history
 
    Six years ago Slackware Linux 3.0 was [15]released. It included such
    bleeding-edge features as the ELF binary format and the 1.3.18 kernel.
    
    Five years ago, Red Hat [16]released version 4.0 of its distribution.
    For the first time, it supported the Sparc and Alpha architectures,
    along with the usual x386. Other innovations included an XFree86
    configuration process accessible to mere mortals, pluggable
    authentication modules, and the ill-fated "Red Baron" web browser.
    
    Three years ago ([17]October 1, 1998 LWN): This was the week when
    Intel and Netscape announced investments in an obscure company called
    Red Hat Software. If you were not paying attention at the time, you
    will likely have a hard time understanding the impact that those
    investments had. Intel has put its support behind numerous Linux
    companies over the last few years, and an investment from Intel is now
    relatively unremarkable.
    
    At the time, however, it was the first direct statement from an
    established technology company that Linux was going to go somewhere.
    It brought a new legitimacy to the Linux business arena. To a great
    extent, this investment changed the situation overnight.
    
      In a way, the investments could be looked at as the day Linux
      bought a suit and shaved. Linux, a Unix-like operating system, so
      far has mostly been an underground computing phenomenon.
      - [18]News.com, Sep. 29, 1998
      
    LWN [19]reviewed GNOME 0.30. Things have come a very long way since
    then.
    
    Cygnus released the first version of its eCos embedded operating
    system.
    
    Red Hat, which had a proprietary CDE offering back then,
    [20]discovered that it was full of bugs. Not only that, but Red Hat
    couldn't fix them. So they dropped the product, and pretty much got
    out of the proprietary software business altogether.
    
    The development kernel was 2.1.123. This kernel came out with a bunch
    of compilation errors due to a messed up patch application. After the
    screaming reached too high a point, Linus threw up his hands and left
    to take a vacation. This was one of the famous "Linus does not scale"
    events of the 2.1 development series, and served notice that something
    had to change.
    
    Three years later, kernel development seems much more stable - at
    least, from this point of view. Of course, there has been no
    development kernel since January...
    
    Caldera officially launched its 1.3 distribution. SuSE announced its
    "Office Suite 99" -- essentially a package built around its
    distribution and the ApplixWare office suite.
    
    Two years ago ([21]September 30, 1999 LWN): Embedded Systems
    Conference was in progress, with lots of Linux activity. The big
    players were Cygnus, with its new EL/IX platform, and Lineo, which had
    a thing called "Embedix" in the works.
    
    PC Week put up a "Hack PC Week" challenge; its Linux server was
    promptly hacked. The problem, as it turned out, was a third-party ad
    serving script they had put on the system, along with a distinct lack
    of attention to application of security updates.
    
    Somebody was trying to get [22]a project management system for the
    Linux kernel adopted. It's still not there.
    
    The first release of GNOME's Bonobo component system happened.
    
    The Magic Software penguins got pink slips.
    
    Dave Winer [23]thought Microsoft should port its applications to
    Linux.
    
      It wasn't fatal because Java was a smoke-blow. But Linux is for
      real. Now is Microsoft going to make the same mistake? The smart
      thing to do, IMHO, is to fully embrace Linux. Let's work together
      to make Windows apps run beautifully on Linux. It'll be good for
      Microsoft. The only other choice is to be at odds with developers
      because the pull to Linux is economic and inexorable.
      
    We hope Dave wasn't holding his breath, waiting for it to happen.
    
    Linus Torvalds was awarded an honorary doctorate at the University of
    Stockholm.
    
    One year ago ([24]September 28, 2000 LWN): talked about open source
    licenses, comparing the GPL to BSD style licenses. Andrew Leonard also
    talked about licenses in his [25]Salon column.
    
      Yes, open-source licenses are boring, complicated, obtuse and
      multiplying in number faster than porn spam. But they are also the
      heart of the flourishing open-source software scene. The way they
      are used, or more to the point, the way they are not abused, is
      worth paying close attention to. Particularly if you are part of an
      industry like, say, the music business, where there currently seems
      to be a wee problem of copyright violation.
      
    Hewlett-Packard won our 'fun patent of the week' award. They have
    [26]a patent on embedded web servers. HP, thus far, has made no move
    to enforce this patent.
    
    Red Hat [27]released Red Hat Linux 7 and also [28]launched the Red Hat
    Network. Intel introduced an open source software implementation
    called CDSA - Common Data Security Architecture. Lineo released
    Embedix 3.0 and announced uClinux 2.4, based on the 2.4 pre-release
    kernel series.
    
    The Embedded Systems Conference hosted a panel session entitled "The
    Open Source Movement: Boon or Bane for Embedded Developers?" LWN's
    report can be found [29]here. The anti-open source side brought up the
    old "open source does not innovate" charge:
    
      It is significant that the major open source companies are all
      leveraging already existing open source products, which were
      originally written with no commercial motivation. I contend that
      these companies will fail to ever truly innovate. Innovation
      requires a level of risk, and the returns will never justify the
      risk when the playing field has been levelled by an open source
      philosophy.
      -- [30]Embedded Systems Programming
      
    Quoting John Fogelin of Wind River Systems:
    
      The embedded market is inherently fragmented, and therefore does
      not lend itself to being supported by a community-based open source
      development process. One way or another, in the embedded market,
      you really must invest in unique technology, because the needs are
      truly individualized. Innovation really does cost money.
      -- [31]LinuxDevices.com
      
    And here is the other side of the debate
    .
    
      The truth is that the free software movement is a long overdue
      course correction that reverses the software technology industry's
      progression towards a state that holds the rights of software
      vendors in higher regard than the rights of software consumers.
      Furthermore, products of the free software movement provide models
      that demonstrate how software should be designed, managed, and
      marketed in the coming years.
      -- [32]Embedded Systems Programming
      
    Section Editor: [33]Rebecca Sobol.
    September 27, 2001
    
    LWN Linux Timelines
    [34]1998 In Review
    [35]1999 In Review
    [36]2000 In Review
    
    
                                                         [37]Next: Letters
    
    [38]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [39]Eklektix, Inc.,
    all rights reserved
    Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
 
 References
 
    1. http://lwn.net/
    2. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/pageid=pageid=132-000-001-001
    3. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/
    4. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/security.php3
    5. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/kernel.php3
    6. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/dists.php3
    7. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/desktop.php3
    8. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/devel.php3
    9. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/commerce.php3
   10. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/press.php3
   11. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/announce.php3
   12. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/letters.php3
   13. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/bigpage.php3
   14. http://lwn.net/2001/0920/history.php3
   15.
 http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/mjrauhal/linux/cola.archive/1995-09/cola.1995-09-30.
 012
   16.
 http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/mjrauhal/linux/cola.archive/1996-10/cola.1996-10-04.
 009
   17. http://lwn.net/1998/1001/
   18. http://news.cnet.com/news/0,10000,0-1003-200-333706,00.html
   19. http://lwn.net/1998/1001/gnome.html
   20. http://lwn.net/1998/1001/a/cde.html
   21. http://lwn.net/1999/0930/
   22. http://lwn.net/1999/0930/a/project.html
   23. http://davenet.userland.com/1999/09/24/windowsAppsOnLinux
   24. http://lwn.net/2000/0928/
   25. http://www.salon.com/tech/col/leon/2000/09/22/licenses/index.html
   26. http://www.delphion.com/details?&pn=US05956487__
   27. http://lwn.net/2000/0928/a/rh7.php3
   28. http://lwn.net/2000/0928/a/rh-network.php3
   29. http://lwn.net/2000/features/ESC/Debate.php3
   30. http://www.embedded.com/internet/0009/0009ia1.htm
   31. http://www.linuxdevices.com/articles/AT6857346354.html
   32. http://www.embedded.com/internet/0009/0009ia2.htm
   33. mailto:lwn@lwn.net
   34. http://lwn.net/1999/features/1998timeline/
   35. http://lwn.net/1999/features/Timeline/
   36. http://lwn.net/2000/features/Timeline/
   37. http://lwn.net/2001/0927/letters.php3
   38. http://www.eklektix.com/
   39. http://www.eklektix.com/
 
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