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ru.linux
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From : Sergey Lentsov 2:4615/71.10 12 Jul 2001 16:16:27
To : All
Subject : URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/0712/desktop.php3
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[13]All in one big page
See also: [14]last week's On the Desktop page.
Note: An asterisk (*) denotes a proprietary product, (w) denotes WINE
based tools.
Office Suites
[15]Ability (*)(w)
[16]ApplixWare (*)
[17]GNOME Office
[18]HancomOffice
[19]KOffice
[20]StarOffice / [21]OpenOffice
[22]Siag Office
[23]WordPerfect Office 2000 (*)(w)
Java / Web Office Suites
[24]ThinkFree Office (*)
[25]Teamware Office (*)
[26]Cybozu Office (*)
Desktop Publishing
[27]AbiWord
[28]iceSculptor (*)
[29]Impress
[30]Maxwell Word Processor
[31]Mediascape Artstream (*)
Web Browsers
[32]Mozilla
[33]Netscape (*)
[34]Opera (*)
[35]Konqueror
[36]Galeon
Handheld Tools
[37]KPilot
[38]JPilot
[39]Palm Pilot Resources
[40]Pilot Link
[41]SynCal
On The Desktop
Windows on Linux.
[42][win4lin.jpg]
Win4Lin installation
The Linux desktop has come a long way in a relatively short time, but
still the question remains: Where are the applications? While many
applications are being ported or written from scratch, off the shelf
applications remain a thing of the future. It's not just about writing
these applications, it's about distribution and marketing. Users have
to know about the applications and have a way to easily acquire them.
Places like Fry's Electronics and CompUSA make their living filling
that need.
So while the open source world continues its steady march to get
native applications to the masses, users still need stopgap solutions
today. They want to run their old applications, their old
Windows-based applications. Fortunately, there are a couple of
options. The most publicized in the Linux world is [43]WINE, a set of
open source libraries that translates Windows 3.1 and Windows 95 (or,
more technically, Windows 3.x and Win32) function calls into Linux
calls. This is what allows applications like CorelDRAW to work on
Linux systems. WINE provides both a porting library and a program
loader so Windows applications can simply run right out of the box.
WINE's primary advantage over other Windows-on-Linux solutions is that
is doesn't require the Windows operating system. It is a replacement
for Windows. WINE's limitation is that it isn't completely stable with
all applications and with commercial packages such as CorelDRAW you
often get a version of WINE specific to that application just to be
sure it works.
One alternative to WINE is to provide virtual environments in which
users can run the Windows OS of their choice directly on Linux.
[44]VMWare is one such solution. VMWare offers the ability to run
Windows on Linux or to run Windows and Linux side by side without dual
booting. VMWare's advantage is that it runs all Windows offerings from
Windows 3.1 to Windows95/98/NT to Windows 2000. In fact, it can run
Windows on Linux or Linux on Windows. VMWare is a proprietary product
which retails for $299/$329 for the electronic or packaged
distributions, respectively, of the side by side solution (referred to
as the "Workstation" product) or $79/$99 for the Windows on Linux
version (known as the "Express" product).
[45][win4lin-install-3-tn.jpg]
Installing Lotus Notes
under Win4Lin
Win4Lin. Another product in this category is called [46]Win4Lin,
from Netraverse. This product provides a window under X in which the
Windows operating system and its applications will run. Win4Lin lets
the Windows OS see your Linux partitions as though they were Windows
file systems without having to repartition your hard drive. And
applications share memory space with Linux applications. In essence,
it makes Windows think it's on its own hardware while running it as an
application under Linux.
The downside to Win4Lin is that it currently only supports Windows 95
and 98. The package retails for $79 for the downloadable version, $89
for the boxed set and can be purchased through online retailers such
as [47]LinuxCentral or [48]LinuxMall.com, or through brick and mortar
locations of such retailers as Fry's, MicroCenter, and CompUSA.
Reviewing Win4Lin. In a strange case of dej`a vu, LWN.net editor
Michael J. Hammel stumbled upon Win4Lin when a press release noted the
product's long forgotten history as Merge, a DOS emulator packaged
with Dell's SVR4 Unix from many years back. Interested in finding if
this product had evolved into something useful (which it really wasn't
back then), we decided to sample Win4Lin here at LWN.net.
We contacted Netraverse and they provided a boxed set of the package
in very short order. Installation starts by having the graphical
installer, [49]win4lin-installer, check for an updated installer at
their web site. A new version was found, downloaded (though you can
skip this step if you want), and started. Next, the updated installer
checks for an updated Win4Lin runtime package and an updated,
Win4Lin-enabled Linux kernel. Since the existing kernel was not
modified (Red Hat 6.1) the installer was able to easily recognize the
standard kernel and add the new Win4Lin-enabled kernel to the Lilo
configuration. The new kernel became an optional boot kernel:
$ lilo
Added linux *
Added win4lin
After installing the Win4Lin-enabled kernel, the Linux system required
a reboot. Lilo had been updated properly but the original kernel was
left as the default boot kernel, so the new kernel had to be manually
selected from the Lilo prompt at boot time.
Once back into the X session, the installer was manually restarted. It
correctly identified that the Win4Lin installation was not complete
and prompted for the install of the Windows98 operating system. Note
that if you accidently run the installer as a normal user at this
point it will catch this and ask you to rerun it as root to complete
the installation.
The installer copies all of your Windows installation CD and boot
floppy files to your hard disk and then ask you to restart the
installer (/usr/bin/win4lin-install) as a normal (non-root) user. This
final step installs the Windows for use by that user by opening a
Win4Lin window which emulates the Windows environment and runs the
usual Windows98 installation process. This goes amazingly well -
except, of course, that the Windows98 install requires 4 reboots.
Fortunately these are virtual reboots (not real hardware reboots) that
Win4Lin handles without a problem. The Win98 install completes the
Netraverse install. After you exit the installer it automatically
boots a Win98 session.
The mouse works as you expect - in the Linux windows it does what you
want under Linux. In the Win4Lin window it works in the Windows
environment, opening menus and moving Win98 windows around within the
Win4Lin window. Internet services work right out of the box. The
default of using winsock (instead of VNET) worked fine with our
cable-modem connected network. The box on which Win4Lin was installed
also happened to be the gateway box, so we weren't able to test how
things might work on a box behind the firewall. That said, the first
time we booted there was no network configuration necessary under
Windows in order to get the IE browser to cruise the Internet. The
only other issue we ran into, which may be specific to the Red Hat 6.1
distribution we were running, is that in order to use the cdrom you
need to set the permissions on the device (/dev/cdrom or whatever that
may be linked to) to 555. The default directory mapped as your C:
drive is $HOME/win, which is shown under Windows as "~/win".
Win4Lin and Windows Applications. We only tested a few applications
because we simply don't have many Windows applications available. But
the applications we did try seemed to work just fine.
[50]SimCity 2000. This game Installed and ran just fine. It doesn't
require DirectX so there was no problem on that end. The game ran a
little sluggishly when the Win4Lin window did not have focus or was
hidden behind other X windows. Sound worked out of the box again,
using the existing sound set up from Linux and with no additional
Win98 sound system configuration required.
Lotus Notes R5. Again, the Windows installation went smoothly. We
had a few problems accessing email and calendar databases but that may
have been from an improper installation of the application. All other
functions seemed to work as expected.
[51]Microsoft Encarta97. This is one of the few packages we might
find useful, with its dictionary and research papers available. The
installation process for Encarta even reported that MIDI sound support
was not available, which it wasn't under Linux. Even so, all images,
sound and video worked perfectly under Win4Lin.
[52]You Don't Know Jack. An interesting game to say the least, this
one worked nearly perfectly. No problems with installation (which was
very quick) and the game and all animations and sound played without
problems. The only minor issue we noticed was that the sound volume
control under the game didn't seem to affect actual sound volume. For
what it was worth, sound on the test machine was run through the ESD
sound daemon.
Win4Lin suggests turning on backing store in your X server, something
you can do after installation. Backing store is normally turned off in
XFree86 and can slow performance if turned on. We tested with Xi
Graphics' server without backing store turned on and there were no
problems, even when bouncing around desktops under FVWM2 or overlaying
XV and GIMP windows. If you experience problems with screen refreshes
(the Win4Lin window doesn't get updated if you change desktops for
example) you may want to turn on backing store for your X server. The
manual explains how to do this using the XFree86 X server which comes
standard with all desktop Linux distributions.
Another issue we noticed was that there didn't appear to be an option
for specifying where files for win4lin or Windows98 would be
installed. By default they all get installed under /opt (the Win4Lin
files) or the users $HOME directory (the Windows OS files).
The only serious bug we encountered was being forced into capslock
mode at one point during installation of a Windows application. This
problem, which forced us to completely exit our X session in order to
reset to non-capslock mode, only occurred once and we aren't sure
exactly how we managed to get there.
There are various gotchas with the Win4Lin package - like the install
time listed when installing an application under Windows may be
incorrect. However, the manual seems to do a good job describing them
and how to deal with each one as it arises. None of these would have
been considered a major problem, just something worth keeping an eye
out for. Read the manual for each step before proceeding to be
prepared for them as they arise. More troublesome is that Win4Lin does
not support DirectX or DirectDraw, which means many games won't work.
RealPlayer is also reported not to work. Cut and paste between Win4Lin
and Linux is not supported yet, something that does work with tools
like WINE.
Even though many games may not be supported, the majority of
applications seem to work fine under Win4Lin as long as they are
Windows 95 or Windows 98 applications. This in itself opens up Linux
users to a wide range of available applications. While you may find
that running too many native applications (especially resource hungry
applications like Web browsers) at the same time as Win4Lin may bog
down your system, in general this is a very useful and easy to use
product. If you've already made the investment in Windows and
accompanying applications, but truly prefer to run them on the Linux
platform, you would do well to make the additional investment for
Netraverse's Win4Lin.
Lesser tools of the trade. Another set of Microsoft related tools
that deserve mentioning before we move on are the [53]Mtools, a
collection of DOS floppy disk utilities. Each utility program carries
the usual DOS command name prefixed with an "m", such as "mdir" and
"mdel". This very useful set of tools is maintained by David Niemi and
Alain Knaff, with the latest release, Mtools-3.9.8, having been
released May 27th, 2001. There is even a GTK+ based front end to these
tools called [54]MtoolsFM, which is a sort of file manager for floppy
disk files.
Spelling update. Last week we missed a rather interesting - and easy
to use - programming interface for spell checking in GtkText widgets:
[55]GtkSpell. This LGPL library attaches to the GtkText widget and
allows the programmer to provide simple spell checking facilities to
any GtkText based application. The only question, of course, is will
this library be updated to work with the more complex text widget of
[56]GTK+ 2.0?
Units update. [57]Last weeks note on units, the swiss army knife for
unit conversions, included an obvious (to everyone but the editor)
bug. Or so it appeared.
In this example, the conversion from degrees Farehnheit to degrees
Celsius was noted as being wrong:
You have: 79 degF
You want: degC
79 degF = 43.888889 degC
79 degF = (1 / 0.02278481) degC
One reader wrote in to say that the root of the problem was found to
be related to [58]a missing value of 32 in the C/F conversion. The
version of units used was 1.55. The GNU FTP site for units shows a
[59]version of 1.74 is now available, though the previous release
provided is 1.55.
According to units current maintainer, Adrian Mariano, [60]version
1.55 is the most stable release. And the results shown last week were
actually correct - the problem was that the question was interpreted
incorrectly. What units shows isn't the conversion between 79 degrees
Fahrenheit to degrees Celsius but the equivalent change in degrees
Celsius for a change of 79 degrees Fahrenheit. Whew! This problem is
actually explained in the man page:
The `units' program converts quantities expressed in various scales
to their equivalents in other scales. The `units' program can only
handle multiplicative scale changes. For example, it cannot convert
Celsius to Fahrenheit but it can convert temperature differences
between those temperature scales.
And as the author puts it:
I ask...: What should be the result of the conversion
17 joules degF^3 / kg m
to
calories kelvin degC degF / lb ft
The problem is more complex apparently than meets the eye of the
casual user. The author also noted that version 1.77, which does
support conversion between temperature scales (and not just
temperature changes) is a radically new version that is in early
development. The 1.74 version on GNU's site was news to him - he
wasn't aware anyone had put a copy there.
KIllustrator update. The status of KIllustrator remains unclear this
week. Last weeks report of a lawsuit filed against the author of the
web site for the package and the University he attends was not
completely accurate. As it turns out, German law permits law firms and
even consumer organizations to file what are known as [61]Abmahnungs
("Warnings" in english) on behalf of companies if the firm or
organization notes a possible trademark violation. The accused party
can pay a fee (part of which goes to the lawyer and part to the
trademark holder) and stop the abuse or risk being taken to court.
Such warnings could, of course, be easily abused by less than
honorable lawyers. We're not quite clear on whether Adobe was actually
involved in this case or not.
Additionally, we noted that guilt by association was hardly a basis
upon which this case could rest its merit. One reader replied that
[62]guilt by association is apparently enough, at least by German
standards. We think this topic should rest a bit while those with
actual experience in German trademark law examine it more thoroughly.
Desktop Environments
KDE 2.2beta1: Ready to Roll. The first official beta release of
[63]KDE 2.2 has been announced by the KDE Project. KDE 2.2 offers many
new features and improvements over 2.1, including (but not limited
to):
* A plugin-based printing framework
* CUPS support for printing
* PDF, PostScript, and sound files previews in Konqueror
* IMAP, SSL, TSL, SASL, and APOP support for KMail
* A Control Center modules that can show connected USB devices as
well as configured CSS Style Sheets, CD ripping tools, and window
manager decorations.
Improvements include:
* Improved HTML and JavaScript in Konqueror
* Improved KPilot address book synchronization
* Improved application startup
* An improved XML-based help system
Kernel Cousin KDE #16. This weeks [64]Kernel Cousin KDE #16 includes
discussions on gluing DCOP to SOAP, integration of the new printer
management with the Konqueror browser and lots of talk about the
possibilities of a Windows version of KDE.
GNOME Summary for June 24 - July 08, 2001. Here's this week's
[65]GNOME Summary featuring the new release of the Nautilus file
manager.
Nautilus 1.0.4. A new release of [66]Nautilus has been announced to
the GNOME Announce mailing list. This minor release includes numerous
speed enhancements and lots of bug fixes.
GNUstep Core/GUI 0.7.0 Release. A new release of [67]GNUstep Core/GUI
library, version 0.7.0, was announced this week.
Office Applications
Konqueror Gets Activ(eX)ated (KDE Dot News). Two developers have
announced that they have added [68]ActiveX controls to Konqueror. The
new feature, called reaktivate, is based on the ActiveX features of
WINE.
AbiWord Weekly News. The [69]AbiWord Weekly News noted that GNOME
printing integration has been fixed, numbered headings have been added
and the license to ispell which caused some discussions on the mailing
list has prompted Geoff Kuenning (ispell maintainer) to promise to
change the license.
Desktop Applications
GnuCash 1.6.1 is released. GnuCash 1.6.1 has been [70]released. It
contains updated user documentation, updated French, German,
Japanese,and Portuguese translations, improved startup time, and many
bug fixes.
And in other news...
Slashdot talks with GnuCash developer Robert Merkel. The responses to
questions submitted by Slashdot readers are actually a collection from
[71]the GnuCash team. "If your bank provides downloadable QIF files,
as many do, you can import them into GnuCash easily right now. We are
working on the ability to use GnuCash's built-in web browser to log on
to the bank with SSL and download the QIF directly into GnuCash
without having to save to a file."
Section Editor: [72]Michael J. Hammel
July 12, 2001
Note: An asterisk (*) denotes a proprietary product, (w) denotes WINE
based tools.
Desktop Environments
[73]GNOME
[74]GNUstep
[75]KDE
[76]XFce
Window Managers (WM's)
[77]Afterstep
[78]Enlightenment
[79]FVMW2
[80]IceWM
[81]Sawfish
[82]WindowMaker
Minimalist Environments
[83]Blackbox
Widget Sets
[84]GTK+
[85]Qt
Desktop Graphics
[86]CorelDRAW (*)(w)
[87]GIMP
[88]KIllustrator (currently unavailable)
[89]Photogenics (*)
[90]Sketch
Windows on Linux
[91]WINE
[92]Win4Lin
[93]VMWare
Kids S/W
[94]Linux For Kids
Send link submissions to [95]lwn@lwn.net
[96]Next: Development
[97]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [98]Eklektix, Inc.,
all rights reserved
Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
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URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/0712/desktop.php3 |
Sergey Lentsov |
12 Jul 2001 16:16:27 |
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