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 From : Sergey Lentsov                       2:4615/71.10   22 Nov 2001  17:11:06
 To : All
 Subject : URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/1122/
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    Here is the [35]permanent site for this page.
    
    See also: [36]last week's LWN.
    
 Leading items and editorials
 
    Succeeding SourceForge. Long-time LWN readers will have, some time
    ago, grown tired of our pointing out that [37]SourceForge represents a
    dangerous concentration of free software projects. The site currently
    claims almost 30,000 separate projects, well over half of all projects
    in existence. The claim is subject to a certain amount of reality
    adjustment (how do those 30,000 projects relate to the 500 or so you
    have installed on your disk?), but the fact remains: a large portion
    of the free software development community is hosted on SourceForge.
    
    Concern about that concentration of resources appears to be growing.
    New factors include the continuing financial difficulties at VA Linux
    Systems and SourceForge's move toward proprietary software (as of this
    writing, the [38]SourceForge jobs page includes a position for a
    database administrator to "oversee and deploy the transition from
    Postgres to Oracle"). SourceForge is an expensive gift from VA Linux
    to the free software community; if VA continues to bleed cash and
    continues to move toward proprietary software, the company will
    eventually be forced to look at ending that gift. No responsible board
    of directors could do otherwise. The idea of 30,000 projects
    simultaneously looking for a new home is rather scary.
    
    So the level of concern seems notably higher in recent times. It
    should not be forgotten, though, that SourceForge has been (and still
    is) a tremendous act of support for the free software community. The
    hosting of all those projects has been a major contribution; just as
    important has been the demonstration of how to satisfy (some of) the
    community's needs. Through SourceForge, we have learned more about how
    free software development works, and how to help it to flourish.
    
    So why, exactly, did we end up with a single, monster hosting site? It
    does not appear that there is a natural monopoly there.
    SourceForge-hosted projects are essentially independent of each other,
    and there is little synergy in being on the same server. The simple
    fact is that there have been few alternatives out there. Almost nobody
    else has wanted to pay the bills involved with providing that sort of
    service.
    
    Alternatives are beginning to hit the net, however. The GNU project's
    [39]Savannah server has been up for about a year, using SourceForge
    code. Savannah currently hosts 356 projects - smaller that
    SourceForge, certainly, but significant nonetheless. The Savannah
    hackers have [40]an ambitious development plan which includes
    replacing much of the SourceForge code, and taking a new approach to
    free software project hosting. The new Savannah is drawing some
    interest, showing up in places like the [41]DotGNU project list.
    
    A crucial part of the Savannah plan is that it does not anticipate
    creating another huge site to compete with SourceForge. The plan,
    instead, calls for a distributed, decentralized architecture. Savannah
    servers would be able to mirror (in a read-only mode) each others'
    projects, but none would become the One Big Server. A well-defined
    import/export protocol will make it easy to move projects between
    servers.
    
    This plan looks like the right one for the future. There is no reason
    why project hosting needs to be centralized, and many reasons why it
    should not be. With luck, SourceForge will remain a cornerstone of the
    free software development community for a long time. But it should not
    be the entire foundation.
    
    (See also, these other free software development hosting sites:
    [42]Serveur Libre and [43]Berlios).
    
    GNU-Darwin for the x86. The [44]GNU-Darwin Project has been busy for a
    while, developing a GNU-based userspace on top of Apple's Darwin
    kernel (which, in turn, is based on FreeBSD and Mach). The idea, of
    course, is to build an entirely free system. Much progress has been
    made in that direction. As of this week, it's possible to try out the
    results of this project's efforts on an Intel-based system: the
    [45]GNU-Darwin x86 port is now available. Interested users can do an
    installation over the net, or from a CD image.
    
    Once upon a time, running any sort of Unix-like system on
    consumer-level hardware was difficult and expensive, when it was
    possible at all. Now, instead, the situation is rather different.
    Users can choose between the BSD variants, the GNU HURD (someday),
    GNU-Darwin, and, of course, an [46]unbelievable number of Linux
    distributions.
    
    There does appear to be a solid level of interest in free systems
    which are not based on the Linux kernel. One might well wonder why
    people would go to the trouble of building a new, GNU-based system on
    a new kernel, when Linux works so well. What's the payoff?
    
    One benefit, certainly, is the joy of working with new and cool
    software. Not everybody likes the design decisions built into the
    Linux kernel, and many of those people are attracted to Mach-based
    systems. Linux runs on much Apple hardware, but users of that hardware
    will certainly see some appeal in running a kernel supported by the
    vendor. And, of course, it's a fun toy.
    
    Then, some users have other reasons for wanting a free system without
    the Linux kernel. The Free Software Foundation has long felt that
    Linux has stolen much of its credit. The battle to rename it GNU/Linux
    has not gone all that far, and resentment remains. The same spirit
    that causes FSF developers to push forward with HURD development also
    draws their attention to other, non-Linux alternatives.
    
    The interesting thing is that, at the user level, the tools are the
    same. Very few users have an attachment to the Linux kernel itself;
    they want a free system that reliably does what they need. Perhaps, in
    the future, the vision of a system called "GNU" will be realized, with
    multiple kernels provided as installation options.
    
    This LWN.net weekly edition comes out one day early so that the LWN
    staff may enjoy the (U.S.) Thanksgiving holiday. We'll return to our
    normal publishing schedule next week.
    
    Linux Kongress 2001 will be held November 28-30 in Enschede, The
    Netherlands. LWN editor Jonathan Corbet will be present and speaking
    on 2.5 kernel development. A good time should be had by all; see
    [47]the Linux Kongress web page for details on the event.
    
    Inside this LWN.net weekly edition:
      * [48]Security: Quickstart security guides; OpenSSH 3.0.1.
      * [49]Kernel: Synchronous file operations; devlinks
      * [50]Distributions: Whither Progeny?; SuSE Linux 7.3 is news.
      * [51]Development: Psyco, the Python Specializing Compiler, Ganymede
        1.0.8, OpenNMS 0.9.0, Evolution 1.0 rc2, Gnumeric 0.76, Python
        2.2b2, Jext 3.0.
      * [52]Commerce: Alan Cox a candidate for Technology Review 100; The
        resurrection of OpenMail.
      * [53]History: UserFriendly launched; LWN at Comdex.
      * [54]Letters: Kernel development; dealing with bugs.
        
    ...plus the usual array of reports, updates, and announcements.
    
    This Week's LWN was brought to you by:
      * [55]Jonathan Corbet, Executive Editor
        
    November 22, 2001
    
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    [59]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [60]Eklektix, Inc.,
    all rights reserved
    Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
 
 References
 
    1. http://lwn.net/
    2. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/pageid=001-012-132-000-000-001-000-000-012
    3. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/security.php3
    4. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/kernel.php3
    5. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/dists.php3
    6. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/devel.php3
    7. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/commerce.php3
    8. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/press.php3
    9. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/announce.php3
   10. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/history.php3
   11. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/letters.php3
   12. http://lwn.net//2001/1122/bigpage.php3
   13. http://lwn.net/daily/
   14. http://linuxcalendar.com/
   15. http://lwn.net/stocks/
   16. http://lwn.net/Reviews/
   17. http://lwn.net/Gallery/
   18. http://lwn.net/archives/
   19. http://lwn.net/op/headlines.phtml
   20. http://lwn.net/op/Contact.html
   21. http://linux.tucows.com/
   22. http://news.tucows.com/ext2/
   23. http://unixthemes.tucows.com/
   24. http://lwn.net/2001/features/oreilly2001/
   25. http://lwn.net/2001/features/OLS/
   26. http://lwn.net/2001/features/MandrakeSoft.php3
   27. http://lwn.net/2001/features/KernelSummit/
   28. http://lwn.net/2001/features/Singapore
   29. http://lwn.net/2001/features/djbdns.php3
   30. http://lwn.net/2001/features/linuxworldny/
   31. http://lwn.net/2001/features/JHaas/
   32. http://lwn.net/2001/features/LarryWall/
   33. http://lwn.net/2001/features/Momjian/
   34. http://lwn.net/2000/features/Timeline/
   35. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/
   36. http://lwn.net/2001/1115/
   37. http://sf.net/
   38. http://sourceforge.net/docman/display_doc.php?docid=7438&group_id=1#dba
   39. http://savannah.gnu.org/
   40. http://savannah.gnu.org/docs/savannah-plan.html
   41. http://archive.dotgnu.org/pipermail/developers/2001-November/001399.html
   42. http://serveur-libre.enst-bretagne.fr/
   43. http://www.berlios.de/
   44. http://gnu-darwin.sf.net/
   45. http://gnu-darwin.sourceforge.net/x86/
   46. http://lwn.net/Distributions/
   47. http://www.linux-kongress.org/
   48. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/security.php3
   49. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/kernel.php3
   50. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/dists.php3
   51. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/devel.php3
   52. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/commerce.php3
   53. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/history.php3
   54. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/letters.php3
   55. mailto:lwn@lwn.net
   56. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/buttonpos=lwnbutton125top
   57. http://ads.tucows.com/click.ng/buttonpos=125-001-016
   58. http://lwn.net/2001/1122/security.php3
   59. http://www.eklektix.com/
   60. http://www.eklektix.com/
 
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