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ru.linux
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From : Sergey Lentsov 2:4615/71.10 08 Jul 2001 23:38:20
To : All
Subject : URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/0704/desktop.php3
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See also: [14]last week's On the Desktop page.
Note: An asterisk (*) denotes a proprietary product, (w) denotes WINE
based tools.
Office Suites
[15]Ability (*)(w)
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[18]HancomOffice
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On The Desktop
Spell Checkers and Dictionaries.
[42][gaspell-tn.jpg]
Gaspell - GNOME interface to aspell
(Click for larger image)
Last week we looked at a list of office suites available for Linux
both in open source and proprietary formats. We required a word
processor to be included (along with a spreadsheet) in order to
include a product as an office suite. While each word processor has
its own spell checking and thesaurus features (or perhaps not), not
all Linux users prefer the safe confines of GUI-based editing. Many of
us prefer the less glamorous and visually abominable terminal-based
editing tools such as Emacs and vi. For those people who work
primarily in text based editing, the need to spell check is just as
important.
Spell checking on Linux is always tied to a dictionary of one form or
another. The dictionaries are provided either locally or across the
network at remote servers. Many spell checkers are actually back end
tools that communicate with dictionary databases, often using high
level GUI-based front ends or simple command line interfaces.
Databases.
[43]dict. This natural language client/server dictionary protocol
specification, also known as [44]RFC2229, has been implemented in a
variety of programming languages, ranging from C to Rebol, and on a
number of platforms. Servers provide dictionary look up mechanisms
while [45]client tools (either as backends or directly from front
ends) make requests.
A complete list of [46]freely available databases (see middle to
bottom of link page) is available, with some already converted to dict
format. The list includes Webster's Revised Unabridged 1913
Dictionary, Eric Raymond's The Jargon File, the Dictionary of
Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, and The U.S. Gazetteer (1990)
census bureau information.
[47]Internet Dictionary Project. One of the projects that supports the
dict protocol is the Internet Dictionary Project. This is a
royalty-free language translation project.
Backends.
[48]ispell. The grand daddy of spell checkers for Unix systems was
known simply as spell. This was a useful tool for English speakers but
lacked international support. Ispell, which also began life as spell
but was changed in 1974 (or possibly 1978), supports [49]multiple
language dictionaries. Ispell contains direct support for files
formatted using LaTeX, nroff and troff. Since neither spell nor ispell
is particularly user friendly they tend to be used with simple front
end tools such as the popular [50]ispell.el Emacs module.
Unfortunately, documentation on using ispell under emacs is rather
limited, unless you like reading [51]source code.
Note that the generic spell command found on Linux systems today is
actually a wrapper around the GNU ispell command using the -l command
line option.
[52]aspell. Aspell is the expected replacement for ispell, providing
both multiple language support and better word replacement algorithms.
There are a large number of [53]language-specific dictionaries
available for use with aspell. While aspell provides better
replacement suggestions, it doesn't support editing nroff formatted
files. Like ispell, aspell itself isn't particularly user friendly. In
fact, Aspell isn't intended to be used directly, even as an API. The
developers of this spell checker recommend the use of pspell as the
API instead.
[54]pspell. Intended as a generic interface to spell checkers, pspell
is now used in some of the more popular editing packages available for
Linux, including Balsa, Lyx, Mozilla, and AbiWord. This package is not
an end user tool, however. It is a library of functions linked into
other programs. Those other programs provide the front ends to the
spell checking system. Think of pspell as one of the only middlemen in
the spell checking market.
[55]KSpell. Another programming interface, KSpell provides functions
for accessing a backend dictionary. The default backend for KSpell is
ispell. KSpell is already in use in a number of base KDE applications
including KMail, KEdit, and KWrite.
Frontends.
[56][gdict-tn.jpg]
GDict - GNOME interface to dict
(Click for larger image)
[57]gaspell. GNOME has a couple of dictionary front ends including
this one, gaspell. Based on GTK+, this is an easy to use interface
that displays the document under inspection and allows you to navigate
at will to select words to examine. Because it is built upon
pspell/aspell, it can provide suggestions to unknown words and do
dictionary lookups on those suggestions. Gaspell also supports local
dictionaries for commonly used local terms.
[58]gidic. This GTK+ based tool provides a front end to the Internet
Dictionary database.
[59]Ding. Ding is a Tk based front end to multiple dictionaries,
including both dict and ispell dictionaries. It provides English to
German to English translations and even includes a thesaurus lookup
utility.
[60]KDict. Possibly the most sophisticated of the spell checker tools
is KDict. The interface supports Unicode displays for language
translations of words and selection of multiple databases for lookups.
Unfortunately the provided Red Hat 7 RPMs don't seem to work, but the
source seems to build easily enough.
[61]WordInspector. Another GTK+ entry, this one uses a dict backend
dictionary for its lookups. Features are limited to searching for the
word entered in a dialog box or having the program use the highlighted
text from the X Clipboard.
[62]Emacs/XEmacs. This is a slightly more powerful Emacs front end
than ispell.el or flyspell.el. It connects to a dict-based backend
dictionary. The module provides hypertext lookups on text within a
previous lookup which makes nested searches fairly straightforward. It
also provides for backwards navigation of the nested searches. Even
better - this package provides some real documentation on how to use
it (though you still need to be familiar with Emacs before you attempt
it).
[63]gdict. (Web site may not work) Gdict is the GNOME interface,
written in C using the GTK+ widget set, to the MIT dictionary server.
It simply contacts the server with the request and returns the
definition. Originally included with GNOME 1.2, you can now download
it with the larger [64]gnome-utils package.
[65]flyspell.el. Like its ispell.el cousin, flyspell.el is an Emacs
front end to the ispell spell checker. Flyspell works on the fly,
however, providing recommendations to misspelled and unknown words as
you type. The ispell.el version, on the other hand, requires a manual
pass over the document to search for and update spelling problems.
Translators.
[66]QTrans. This tool is a translator based on KDE and the
Windows-based (and commercial) [67]Babylon dictionaries. You need to
download the dictionaries before you can use the software, of course,
but the dictionaries can currently be downloaded for free.
User choice.
The trick to finding a spell checker (or dictionary tool) is to decide
whether you need a simple dictionary lookup used manually or if you
need some form of dictionary and spell check feature added to your
application. A number of these tools can be launched from a script and
use the highlighted text from the X clipboard (for example,
highlighting text in Netscape). Others are more interactive in nature,
such as gaspell. Like most things in Linux, its a matter of user
choice, and needs.
It might interest readers to note that LWN.net uses emacs together
with flyspell and ispell modes to edit the weekly pages.
Unfortunately, in a world dominated by acronyms and creative code
names, we still manage to let a few bad spellings slip by.
KIllustrator author fined by Adobe (Heise Online). [68]Adobe has set
lawyers in Germany against the author of KIllustrator (German language
news). According to the [69]Babelfish translation (which is
exceptionally poor) it appears that Adobe never contacted the author
about changing the name of the program prior to sending lawyers after
him and the University of Magdeburg. The official word posted by
KIllustrator author Kai-Uwe Sattler to the [70]KOffice Developers
mailing list was more to the point: "I have just received a dissuasion
from an Adobe lawyer the name "KIllustrator" would violate Adobe's
trademark and I should pay 2500 euro." The KIllustrator web site is
currently down pending resolution of this issue. (Thanks to Thomas
Meinders)
The thread which followed the announcement in the KOffice Developer
list was interesting in that at least one person felt compelled to
[71]denegrate trademarks. Remember that trademark law is what
prevented [72]William R. Della Croce, Jr and a [73]Korean company (and
others) from usurping "Linux" in countries outside the US for
something other than our beloved OS. While patents are arguably a
problem, copyrights and trademarks can serve a useful purpose.
That said, Adobe has some serious issues to resolve here. The first is
the fair use of the term "Illustrator". In essence they have to prove
that Illustrator (in capitilized form) is more protected than, say,
Word or Draw. Second, the student who is being sued isn't the
copyright holder of the application. The "KOffice Team" is. Adobe has
to show that the individual holds the responsibility for the
application name in some way. Guilt by association probably won't be
enough in this case. The student simply [74]managed the web site on
his University's computers. And if Adobe can't attack the individual,
they'll have to step into deeper waters - how do you sue an unofficial
(re: not officially organized by law) group for compensation?
The truth is, Adobe could have just asked for a name change, but they
didn't. Instead they went for monetary compensation. It's possible
such tactics are required in order to show claim to existing
trademarks, but we're not lawyers here at LWN.net. And the actual
outcome of this action may lay a foundation for future encounters
between existing products and open source alternatives. So how should
the community react? It shouldn't - it should be proactive. Many
projects start life with an intended goal of replacing an existing
commercial application. It is easy to name a project something that
won't, even to the most thorough examiner, be misconstrued to be taken
from the original product's name. Common sense rules here. If your
project has taken its name based on a commercial product with matching
features or target use, then change it.
And speaking of conversion.... One of the most overlooked tools on
Linux has got to be [75]units, one of the many GNU provided utilities.
This package allows the user to specify a measurement in one format
and have it converted to another. For example, to convert from feet to
meters you could try this command:
You have: 10 feet
You want: meters
* 3.048
/ 0.32808399
The number of supported unit types is long. Running the program with
the -V option will tell you where the configuration file is located.
You can view this file with any editor to find a measurement of
interest. Other fun conversions you can try:
mjhammel(tty8)$ units -v
2112 units, 59 prefixes
You have: 1 mile
You want: nauticalmile
1 mile = 0.86897624 nauticalmile
1 mile = (1 / 1.1507794) nauticalmile
You have: 1 homestead
You want: acre
1 homestead = 160 acre
1 homestead = (1 / 0.00625) acre
You have: 5 gallon
You want: hogshead
5 gallon = 0.079365079 hogshead
5 gallon = (1 / 12.6) hogshead
You have: 1 egg
You want: pound
1 egg = 0.11023113 pound
1 egg = (1 / 9.0718474) pound
Unfortunately, it won't tell us how many eggs are in a hogshead or
will fill a homestead. At least not without complaining.
Desktop Environments
KDE moved to LXR. The entire [76]KDE source tree has been moved to
[77]LXR. According to Kurt Granroth, this is a major improvement in
cross referencing. "If I go to the KConfig class in LXR, though, I see
that all objects and methods in the file are hyperlinks. If I click on
KConfig, I get a list of where it is defined, where it is declared as
a forward declaration, and where it is referenced (in 939 files!). I
can click on any of those links to go directly to where it is used."
Kernel Cousin KDE #15. Despite the recent departure of Mosfet, the
status of his code was not the most talked about thing on the KDE
mailing lists this past week, according to [78]Kernel Cousin KDE. The
more pressing topics included compiling KDE with the new GCC3 compiler
and multithreading issues.
KDE 2.x Systems. How many systems does KDE 2.x run on? The Dot
[79]counts, "... three BSDs, eight Linuxes and four other Unices, ...
"
GNOME Board Meeting, 26 June 2001. The summary of the [80]weekly GNOME
Board meeting has been posted.
GNOME 1.4 programming book(in Japanese). A new text on [81]programming
with GNOME 1.4 has been published in Japan, according to this report
from the GNOME News web site.
Office Applications
The StartX Files: An AbiWord to the Wise (LinuxPlanet). The first of
what is promised as a series on word processor reviews has been posted
over at LinuxPlanet. The first review examines the GNOME Office entry
- [82]AbiWord. "Since the whole thing's built with GTK, then of course
there is no anti-aliasing in sight, so on-screen fonts in AbiWord are
the usual Linux fun-fest of jagged edges. If I seem embittered about
this, you'd be correct. The lack of anti-alias support in this area of
open source development is just one more glaring example that
proprietary developers can point too and say 'See? They can't even
manage that.'"
AbiWord Weekly News #50. The [83]AbiWord Weekly News #50 has been
released. Printing on UNIX has been improved, bugs have been squashed,
and much more.
KWord 1.1beta3 review. KDE Dot News noted the beginnings of a
[84]review of KOffice 1.1 Beta 3. The review currently only covers
KWord (over 5 pages - be sure not to miss the link at the bottom of
each page to navigate to subsequent pages). "After I finished entering
my bogus financial information, I moved the mouse cursor out of the
KSpread frame, and clicked on the KWord document. Then I created the
border by selecting the KSpread frame. This is different from
selecting the KSpread object and editing it. The way KWord works is to
place the KSpread object in a frame, which gave me the flexibility to
resize, add borders, and layer other frames on top of it." Eventually,
the reviewer expects to cover all the major applications in KOffice.
1st release of GnomeMeeting. The first public release of
[85]GnomeMeeting, an H.323 compatible video conference client, has
been announced over at Gnotices, the GNOME News site.
Desktop Applications
GIMP 1.2.2-pre3. The GIMP development team has released another
release candidate for the 1.2.2 version. [86]Release 1.2.2-pre3 is
available from the official GIMP FTP site and its mirrors.
And in other news...
Ford looks to open source (Silicon.com). Ford Motor Company's European
division is looking to [87]replace up to 33,000 desktop systems with
open source systems running either KDE or GNOME, according to this
story from Silicon.com. "Asked if he would consider a Linux desktop,
he said `I think ultimately we will look for an open source desktop. I
think that's eventually where the industry will go.`"
Programming Linux Games (NoStarch). No Starch Press and Loki Software
today announced a [88]new text for developing games for Linux.
[89]Programming Linux Games: Learn To Write The Games Linux People
Play, which covers development tools and gaming APIs, including the
Simple DirectMedia Layer (SDL), is produced by Loki Software.
Section Editor: [90]Michael J. Hammel
July 4, 2001
Note: An asterisk (*) denotes a proprietary product, (w) denotes WINE
based tools.
Desktop Environments
[91]GNOME
[92]GNUstep
[93]KDE
[94]XFce
Window Managers (WM's)
[95]Afterstep
[96]Enlightenment
[97]FVMW2
[98]IceWM
[99]Sawfish
[100]WindowMaker
Minimalist Environments
[101]Blackbox
Widget Sets
[102]GTK+
[103]Qt
Desktop Graphics
[104]CorelDRAW (*)(w)
[105]GIMP
[106]KIllustrator (currently unavailable)
[107]Photogenics (*)
[108]Sketch
Kids S/W
[109]Linux For Kids
Send link submissions to [110]lwn@lwn.net
[111]Next: Development
[112]Eklektix, Inc. Linux powered! Copyright Л 2001 [113]Eklektix,
Inc., all rights reserved
Linux (R) is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds
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URL: http://www.lwn.net/2001/0704/desktop.php3 |
Sergey Lentsov |
08 Jul 2001 23:38:20 |
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