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ru.linux
- RU.LINUX ---------------------------------------------------------------------
From : Alex Mizrahi 2:5020/400 08 Mar 2007 16:09:58
To : Andrew V. Kyzmin
Subject : Re: who is linux (c)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(message (Hello 'Andrew)
(you :wrote :to '(Yuri Baranov) :on '(Wed, 07 Mar 2007 16:57:02 +0300))
(
AVK> был один сплошной текст) пpосто создал набоp необходимых системных
AVK> альтеpнативных, существовавшему тогда пpопpиетаpному unix'у, утилит.
о как, а пацаны то не знаю..
http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html
- ---
Many users are not fully aware of the distinction between the kernel, which
is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call "Linux". The ambiguous
use of the name doesn't promote understanding. These users often think that
Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with a bit of
help.
Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. But since they have
generally heard the whole system called "Linux" as well, they often envisage
a history that would justify naming the whole system after the kernel. For
example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished writing Linux, the
kernel, its users looked around for other free software to go with it, and
found that (for no particular reason) most everything necessary to make a
Unix-like system was already available.
What they found was no accident--it was the not-quite-complete GNU system.
The available free software added up to a complete system because the GNU
Project had been working since 1984 to make one. In the The GNU Manifesto we
set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system, called GNU. The
Initial Announcement of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original
plans for the GNU system. By the time Linux was written, GNU was almost
finished.
- ---
на самом деле роль Линуса в создании бесплатной unix-like системы велика
только из-за тупизма GNU.
- ---
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU
The kernel situation
In 1992, the operating system was more or less finished except for the
kernel. The GNU project had a microkernel, and to add the necessary
Unix-kernel-like functionality to their microkernel, they were developing a
project called Hurd, but Hurd was still very incomplete.
That year, Linus Torvalds released his Unix-like kernel, "Linux", as free
software. The combination of the Linux kernel and the GNU system made for a
whole, Unix-like, free software operating system. Linux-based variants of
the GNU system became the most common way in which people use GNU.
- ---
- ---
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurd
Development on the Hurd began in 1990, after an abandoned kernel attempt
started from the finished research Trix operating system developed by
Professor Steve Ward and his group at MIT's Laboratory for Computer Science
(LCS). According to Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the initial Hurd
architect, their early plan was to adapt the BSD 4.4-Lite kernel and, in
hindsight, "It is now perfectly obvious to me that this would have succeeded
splendidly and the world would be a very different place today".[1] However,
due to a lack of cooperation from the Berkeley programmers, Richard Stallman
decided instead to use the Mach microkernel, which subsequently proved
unexpectedly difficult, and the Hurd's development proceeded slowly.
Because of this slow pace, the GNU userland components came to be used with
the Linux kernel and are now commonly associated with "Linux" systems (see
also GNU/Linux naming controversy).
- ---
таким образом, Linux стал популярным только из-за того, что товарищи из GNU
надеялись по-быстрому сделать ядро на основе микроядра Mach, и им это не
удалось.
если бы они адаптировали ядро BSD, то, как пишет Thomas Bushnell, "мир бы
был совсем другим" -- про Линукс бы наверно никто и не знал сейчас..
)
(With-best-regards '(Alex Mizrahi) :aka 'killer_storm)
"не надо обижать уузку")
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